Yuri Fyodorovich Orlov

Yuri Fyodorovich Orlov was an inspiration to many people worldwide through his unrelenting pursuit of science in difficult circumstances, contributions accelerator physics, courageous sacrifices for human rights the USSR, and dedication free, international exchange ideas. Born on 13 August 1924 near Moscow, he died 27 September 2020 Ithaca, New York. ROBERT PALMERPPT|High-resolutionOrlov graduated 1952 from Physical-Technical Institute Moscow. He earned first doctoral degree Yerevan Physics 1958 second Budker Nuclear 1963. Following arrival US 1986, taught both physics at Cornell University until retired age 91.Here we mainly address Orlov’s scientific accomplishments. Additionally, work made him “one most important figures our last century,” according Scott Horton Andrei Sakharov Foundation. Detailed texts obituaries fascinating Dangerous Thoughts: Memoirs a Russian Life (1991), those achievements included cofounding Soviet section Amnesty International and, importantly, establishing Moscow Helsinki Group. That organization, created 1976 monitor compliance with Accords, is still active. It served as model similar groups throughout inspired Solidarity Poland Charter 77 initiative Czechoslovakia, grandparent today’s human-rights-monitoring groups. main reason that arrested 1977, interrogated months KGB prison, sentenced, after show trial, years hard labor followed by Siberian exile.Orlov’s formal employment which began 1950s, interrupted 1956 when fired Theoretical Experimental (ITEP) making pro-democracy speech permanently blocked 1973 joining dissident movement. However, even camp continued do science; smuggled out several articles, written cigarette papers, were published West. After being stripped citizenship deported resumed work.Throughout time mostly worked physics. A theoretical-physics education teachers such Lev Landau Peter Kapitza allowed pioneer some theoretical methods are cornerstones development today. applied Hamiltonian perturbation theory nonlinear oscillations around accelerator’s design orbit analyzed dynamics terms betatron synchro-betatron resonances. established radiation sum rules electron accelerators E. K. Tarasov described polarization depolarization storage rings, including quantum effects, V. N. Baier. developed groundbreaking while designing ITEP’s proton synchrotron 6 GeV Yerevan, Armenia. In addition, proposed 200 electron–positron collider long before CERN’s Large Electron–Positron Collider reached energy.Orlov also articles foundations mechanics. eighties wrote about gravitational part consider small effects can disturb stored beams experiments electric dipole moment (EDM).While CERN 1988–89, D. Möhl independently invented “beam shaking” eliminate ions antiproton beam, method has since been used Tevatron increase intensity, German Electron Synchrotron’s HERA particle coasting various accumulated ions. For Muon g − 2 experiment Brookhaven National Laboratory, contributed elegant breakthrough ideas meant background preserving integrity parameters. And initiator storage-ring EDM studies, essential identifying sources systematic errors precise describing succeed.Orlov had profound understanding relevant experimental issues exceptional abilities them. would go way give credit with, whose solutions problems differed his. humor, modest demeanor, intelligence, creativity it pleasure interact him.Days death, received 2021 Robert R. Wilson Prize American Physical Society “for pioneering innovation practice …; deep beam spin dynamics; consistently unique fruitful ideas, ranging practical visionary; embodying spirit freedom.” We rejoice APS awarded this extraordinary physicist fitting prize just time.© Physics.